Spanish version of the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS) for adults / Versión al español de la Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS) para adultos

Antecedentes: Aunque existen otras herramientas en español para evaluar la metacognición, no hay una versión disponible desde una pers-pectiva multidimensional como la Escala de Autoevaluación de la Metacognición(Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale, MSAS), que tiene además la ventaja de ser sencilla y rápidaen su aplicación. Objetivos:Adaptar y validar la escala MSAS al español. Método: Participaron975 voluntarios/as, 68.2% mujeres, edad media de 27.9 años (DT= 12.68). Resultados: Los valores psicométricos de la adaptación al español son adecuados, α = .830 (total), y entre α = .658 y .826 (factores). La estructura factorial original de cuatro factores (Autorreflexividad, Distancia Crítica, Maestría y Comprensión de Mentes Ajenas) muestra adecuados índices de ajuste. Sin embargo, los indicios de validez de criterio no han sido los esperados. Los indicadores de validez discriminante fueron bajos en los participantes con antecedentes psicopato-lógicos (d = .222) y tratamiento psicológico (d = .326) en el factor Auto-rreflexividad; en el factor Dominio entre los que estaban bajo tratamiento psicológico (d = .345) y tenían prescrita medicación (d = .482), y en el factor Distancia crítica para los participantes con medicación (d = .419). Conclusión: La adaptación y validación de la MSAS en español para población general parece adecuada para evaluar la metacognición y sus subcomponen-tes, abriendo un amplio campo de aplicaciones tanto clínicas como de investigación.(AU)

Background: Although there are other tools in the Spanish language for assessing metacognition, there is no other that is as quick, simple and multidimensional as the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS). Objectives:Adapt and validate the MSAS to Spanish. Method:The sample consisted of 973 volunteers, 68.3% women and mean age of 27.9 years (SD= 12.68). Results:The internal consistency of the Spanish adaptation was generally adequate with a total α = .830, and from α = .658 to .826 for the factors. The original four-factor structure (Self-Reflexivity, Critical Distance, Mastery and Understanding Other Minds) showed adequate fit indices. The evidence of concurrent criterion validity indices was not as expected. Indications of discriminant validity were the low Self-Reflexivity scores of participants with a psychopathological history (d = .222) or psychological treatment (d = .326); in Mastery by those under psychological treatment (d = .345) or medication (d = .482), and in Critical distance for medication (d = .419). Conclusion:The Spanish adaptation and validation of the MSAS seems adequate for assessing metacognition and its subcomponents in the general population, opening a wide field of clinical and research applications.(UA)

Using effective psychological techniques to subvert a US sociopolitical context.

Chater & Loewenstein argue for a shift in focus from individual- to structural-level approaches to societal ills. This is valid and important but overlooks the barriers inherent in the current US partisan context. Psychology can be applied to help people of mixed allyship join together, to effectively and quickly force institutions and corporations to accept structural change.

Psychological inoculation protects against the social media infodemic.

Misinformation can have a profound detrimental impact on populations' wellbeing. In this large UK-based online experiment (n = 2430), we assessed the performance of false tag and inoculation interventions in protecting against different forms of misinformation ('variants'). While previous experiments have used perception- or intention-based outcome measures, we presented participants with real-life misinformation posts in a social media platform simulation and measured their engagement, a more ecologically valid approach. Our pre-registered mixed-effects models indicated that both interventions reduced engagement with misinformation, but inoculation was most effective. However, random differences analysis revealed that the protection conferred by inoculation differed across posts. Moderation analysis indicated that immunity provided by inoculation is robust to variation in individuals' cognitive reflection. This study provides novel evidence on the general effectiveness of inoculation interventions over false tags, social media platforms' current approach. Given inoculation's effect heterogeneity, a concert of interventions will likely be required for future safeguarding efforts.

Sobre la posibilidad de perdón en el abuso sexual infantil / On the possibility of forgiveness in child sexual abuse

La conveniencia o no de plantear a las víctimas la posibilidad de trabajar sobre el perdón como forma de superar el dolor de la experiencia vivida y sus consecuencias es una cuestión controvertida. Las dinámicas de presión hacia el perdón hacen más probable la revictimización y transmiten tanto culpa como un mensaje de minimización de su dolor. Un perdón mal entendido puede debilitar aún más la capacidad de protegerse de la víctima, hacerla más vulnerable y facilitar la prolongación del abuso. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar las condiciones para que el perdón sea una herramienta psicológica al servicio de la salud mental de las víctimas. El perdón es un concepto complejo, con múltiples dimensiones y posibilidades, y puede ofrecer a las víctimas un valioso recurso para superar su dolor, aunque no es esencial para el proceso de sanación de una víctima.(AU)

Whether or not it is appropriate to offer victims the possibility of working on forgiveness to overcome the pain of the lived experience and its consequences is a controversial issue. The pressure to forgive makes revictimization more likely and transmits guilt and a message of minimizing the victims’ pain. A misunderstanding of forgiveness can further weaken the victim's ability to protect him- or herself, make him or her more vulnerable, and make it easier for the abuse to continue. This paper aims to review the conditions for forgiveness to be a psychological tool for the mental health of the victims. Forgiveness is a complex concept with multiple dimensions and possibilities, and it can offer victims a valuable resource for overcoming their pain. However, it is not essential to the victim's healing process.(AU)

Epistemología, historia y fundamentos de la Terapia Breve Estratégica. El Modelo de Giorgio Nardone / Epistemology, history and foundations of Brief Strategic Therapy. Giorgio Nardone´s Mode

La terapia breve estratégica modelo evolucionado de Giorgio Nardone, está considerada en la actualidad como una psicoterapia que evidencia una alta eficacia y eficiencia, en una variedad de trastornos emocionales. En este artículo se presenta la historia y los fundamentos epistemológicos de la terapia breve estratégica, fundamentadas en el pensamiento sistémico, la cibernética, la teoría general de los sistemas y el constructivismo. Se analiza la evolución y desarrollo histórico desde el Mental Research Institute en Palo Alto hasta la creación del Centro en Arezzo Italia. Se presentan las bases teóricas de la terapia breve estratégica centrada en el presente y en las soluciones, partiendo de la premisa de que los intentos de solución mantienen el problema y planteando que desde la lógica estratégica siempre la solución se adapta al problema y a su objeto de estudio.(AU)

Giorgio Nardone's evolved model of brief strategic therapy is a psychotherapy that is currently considered to demonstrate high efficacy and efficiency for a variety of emotional disorders. This article presents the history and epistemological foundations of brief strategic therapy, based on systems thinking, cybernetics, general systems theory, and constructivism. The evolution and historical development are analyzed, from the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto to the creation of the Strategic Therapy Center in Arezzo Italy. The theoretical foundations of brief strategic therapy focused on the present and solutions are presented, starting from the premise that attempts at solution actually maintain the problem and proposing that based on strategic logic the solution always adapts to the problem and its object of study.(AU)

¿Qué sabemos sobre las variables que subyacen a la actuacióndel terapeuta altamente eficaz?Una revisión sistemática / What do we know about highly effective therapists? A systematic review

Los terapeutas altamente eficaces son aquellos que logran sis-temáticamente elevados niveles de éxito terapéutico. Sin embargo, aunque se contraste empíricamente dicha eficacia inter-terapeuta, todavía no se co-nocen cuáles son las conductas que explican este desempeño diferenciado. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las variables asociadas a estos tera-peutas altamente eficaces, sus definiciones, los parámetros de medida de éxito y la precisión con la que se miden los constructos de interés. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática (RS) con publicaciones entre los años 2000 y 2020 de las bases de datos Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Google Académico y ProQuest Research Library. Se seleccionaron 2784 artículos empíricos, de los cuales 31 cumplieron los cri-terios de inclusión. Los principales resultados muestran que hay casi 50 va-riables predictoras del efecto del terapeuta. Se resume y se define cada una de estas variables psicológicas y se concluye que para lograr explicar el alto nivel de éxito inter-terapeuta es necesario incrementar la validez de cons-tructo de las variables predictivas, adecuar el diseño de las investigaciones e incluir datos con respecto a la interacción entre el terapeuta y su cliente.(AU)

Highly effective therapists are clinicians who systematically achieve excellent therapeutic outcomes. Although these types of therapists can be found among different therapies, the variables that could explain their performance remain uncertain. Therefore, to clarify these variables, analyze their definition, their objective measures, and the extent to which they measure what they claim, a systematic review (SR) was conducted. Publications between 2000 and 2020 -from Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Google Scholar and ProQuest Research Library databases-were included. After analyzing 2784 empirical works, 31 studies have met the inclusion criteria. The results made it possible to identify, summarize and define almost 50 predictor variables of therapist effect. The need toincrease construct validity, to improve empirical designs and to measure therapist-client interaction is discussed.(AU)

Abordagem de narrativas como método de pesquisa em saúde pública: aproximações conceituais e contribuições da psicanálise / Narrative research in public health: conceptual approximations and contributions from psychoanalysis / Enfoque en narrativas como método de investigación en salud pública: aproximaciones conceptuales y aportaciones del psicoanálisis

Este artigo refere-se à parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, realizada em hospital de alta complexidade do Sistema Único de Saúde, cujos participantes são os profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o potencial da abordagem das narrativas como método de pesquisa e intervenção nos serviços de saúde, traçando aproximações com a teoria psicanalítica. Sua relevância no campo da Saúde Pública está calcada no reconhecimento do papel do sujeito como agente de mudanças. O texto divide-se em duas partes: na primeira, explora as especificidades do trabalho na área da saúde, o paradigma da saúde pública no que concerne à gestão e possíveis contribuições da clínica ampliada para esse modelo. Na segunda parte, analisa o uso das narrativas como método de pesquisa nesse campo e as aproximações conceituais entre a narrativa em Walter Benjamin e a psicanálise em Freud. Busca na literatura referências sobre experiências análogas que fundamentem a proposta ora realizada e conclui pela importância de, no momento atual, apostar na força germinativa das narrativas como fonte criativa de novas formas de cuidar.(AU)

This article derives from a PhD research conducted with health professionals at a high-complexity public hospital from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It analyzes the potential of the narrative as a research and intervention method in health services, outlining approximations with psychoanalysis. In the field of Public Health, the narrative approach acknowledges the individual as an agent of change. The text is divided into two parts. The first presents an overview of the peculiarities involved in healthcare, the Public Health paradigm regarding service management and possible contributions from the expanded clinic to this model. The second analyzes the use of narratives as a research method in this field and the conceptual approximations between Benjamin's narrative and Freud's psychoanalysis. It searches the literature for references on similar experiences to support the present proposal and concludes by highlighting the importance of betting on the creative power of narratives as a source for new ways to care.(AU)

Este artículo es parte de una investigación doctoral, realizada con los profesionales de la salud de un hospital de alta complejidad del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Su propósito es analizar el potencial del enfoque en narrativas como método de investigación e intervención en los servicios de salud, esbozando aproximaciones entre las narrativas y la teoría del psicoanálisis. Su relevancia en el campo de la salud pública se basa en el reconocimiento del rol del sujeto como agente de cambio. El texto se divide en dos partes: La primera investiga las especificidades del trabajo en el área de la salud, el paradigma de la salud pública en la gestión de los servicios y las posibles contribuciones de la clínica ampliada a este modelo. En la segunda parte, analiza el uso de narrativas como método de investigación en este campo y las aproximaciones conceptuales entre la narrativa de Walter Benjamin y el psicoanálisis de Freud. Este estudio busca en la literatura referencias sobre experiencias similares que apoyen la propuesta ahora realizada y concluye con la importancia de, en el momento actual, apostar por el poder de las narrativas como fuente creadora de nuevas formas de cuidar.(AU)

O florir da violeta: um estudo de caso em avaliação terapêutica / The flowering of violet: a case study in therapeutic assessment / La flor de la violeta: un estudio de caso en evaluación terapéutica

A Avaliação Terapêutica (AT) é um processo avaliativo e interventivo proposto para ser semiestruturado e colaborativo com o objetivo de promover mudanças positivas no cliente, que é convidado a ter uma participação ativa durante o processo. Na AT, os resultados dos testes psicológicos padronizados ganham destaque como facilitadores do processo de autoconhecimento do cliente. Desse modo, usualmente, integram-se os achados de testes psicológicos de autorrelato com os métodos projetivos para gerar informações que possam ampliar a visão que o cliente tem de si. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender o potencial de uso dos testes psicológicos e da relação colaborativa a partir de um caso atendido na perspectiva da AT. A participante, Violeta (nome fictício), foi atendida em 10 sessões com duração entre 60 e 115 minutos. Foram utilizados os testes psicológicos Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (Ebep), Escala de Vulnerabilidade e Estresse no Trabalho (Event), Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventários de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS-2). Observou-se que, durante o processo, Violeta ampliou sua autopercepção, o que possibilitou mudanças no modo de agir em seus relacionamentos amorosos e na reflexão sobre como sua postura era vista por si e por seus colegas de trabalho. Acredita-se que a AT cumpriu com o objetivo de estabelecer uma experiência terapêutica que possibilitasse mudanças positivas para a cliente. Este estudo de caso contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão sobre a importância e o uso dos testes psicológicos neste modelo de avaliação psicológica.(AU)

The Therapeutic Assessment (TA) is an evaluative and interventional process proposed to be semi-structured and collaborative with the objective of promoting positive changes in the client, who is invited to have an active participation during the process. At the TA, the results of standardized psychological tests are highlighted as facilitators of the client's self-knowledge process. In this way, the findings of psychological self-report tests are usually integrated with projective methods to generate information that can broaden the client's view of themselves. In this article, understanding the potential use of psychological tests and of the collaborative relationship from a case treated from the TA perspective was sought. The participant, Violet (fictitious name), was assisted in 10 sessions lasting between 60 and 115 minutes. The psychological tests Psychological Well-Being Scale (EBEP), Vulnerability and Stress at Work Scale (EVENT), Personality Factorial Battery (BFP), Rorschach Method and Social Skills Inventories 2 (IHS-2) were used. It was observed that, during the process, Violet increased her self-perception, which allowed changes in her way of acting in her love life and in her reflection on how her posture was seen by herself and herco-workers. It is believed that TA fulfilled the objective of establishing a therapeutic experience that would enable positive changes for the client. This case study contributed to broaden the understanding about the importance and use of psychological testing in this psychological assessment model.(AU)

La Evaluación Terapéutica (ET) es un proceso de evaluación e intervención que se propone ser semiestructurado y colaborativo, con el objetivo de lograr cambios positivos en el cliente, quien es invitado a tener participación activa durante el proceso. En la ET se destacan los resultados de las pruebas psicológicas estandarizadas como facilitadoras del proceso de autoconocimiento del cliente. Los hallazgos de las pruebas psicológicas de autoinforme suelen integrarse con métodos proyectivos para generar información que pueda ampliar la visión que el cliente tiene de sí mismo. En este artículo se buscó comprender el uso potencial de las pruebas psicológicas y de la relación colaborativa a partir de un estudio de caso tratado desde la perspectiva de la ET. Atendieron a la participante Violeta (nombre ficticio), en 10 sesiones que duraron entre 60 y 115 minutos. Se utilizaron las pruebas psicológicas Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBEP), Escala de Vulnerabilidad y Estrés en el Trabajo (EVENT), Batería de Factorial de la Personalidad (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS-dos). Se observó que, durante el proceso, Violeta amplió su autopercepción, lo que permitió cambios en la forma de actuar en sus relaciones amorosas y en el reflejo de como ella y sus compañeros de trabajo veían su postura. Así, se cree que ET ha cumplido el objetivo de establecer una experiencia terapéutica que permitió cambios positivos a la cliente. Este estudio contribuyó a ampliar la comprensión sobre la importancia y el uso de las pruebas psicológicas en este modelo de evaluación psicológica.(AU)

Atualidades e perspectivas futuras da comissão consultiva em avaliação psicológica / Current affairs and future perspectives of the consultative commission on psychological assessment (CCAP) / Actualidades y perspectivas de futuro de la comisión consultiva en evaluación psicológica

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP), atrelada ao Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), tem como objetivos emitir pareceres acerca de solicitações advindas da avaliação psicológica(AP), elaborar e propor atualizações de documentos técnicos e normativos do CFP relativos à AP, elaborar e propor diretrizes para o ensino e formação continuada em AP, conduzir o processo de avaliação dos instrumentos submetidos ao SATEPSI e discutir temas e propor ações no âmbito da AP. Nos últimos 20 anos, a CCAP vem buscando atender a esses objetivos, indicando novos caminhos para a área. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais atualidades e movimentos da CCAP, indicando caminhos possíveis e perspectivas futuras para a área de AP. São discutidas as ações atuais que vêm sendo desenvolvidas pela CCAP, bem como as ações futuras delineadas que buscam promover uma AP cada vez mais democrática. Concluímos que a AP é uma prática do(a) psicólogo(a) que deve ser operacionalizada com compromisso ético, atrelada aos direitos humanos e à justiça, com embasamento científico e alinhada às mudanças sociais.(AU)

The Consultative Commission on Psychological Assessment (CCAP), affiliated with the Psychological Test Evaluation System under the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), has the following objectives: to provide expert opinions on requests stemming from psychological assessments (PA), to draft and propose updates to the CFP technical and normative documents pertaining to PA, to formulate and recommend guidelines for education and ongoing professional development in PA, to oversee the evaluation process of instruments submitted to SATEPSI, and to engage in discussions and propose initiatives within the PA. Over the past two decades, CCAP has diligently worked to achieve these goals, charting new avenues in the field. In this context, this study aims to describe the most current developments and initiatives of CCAP and outline prospective directions and future outlooks for the PA. This study delves into the current initiatives undertaken by CCAP and the prospective actions delineated to foster a progressively more inclusive PA. Thus, we claim that PA is a practice inherent to psychologists that demands ethical commitment, alignment with human rights and justice, a solid scientific foundation, and adaptation to evolving social dynamics.(AU)

La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCAP), vinculada al Sistema de Evaluación de Pruebas Psicológicas (SATEPSI) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), tiene como objetivo emitir opinión técnica sobre solicitudes derivadas de la evaluación psicológica (EP), elaborar y proponer actualizaciones de documentos técnicos y normativos del CFP relacionados con EP, desarrollar y proponer lineamientos para la enseñanza y la formación continua en EP, conducir el proceso de evaluación de los instrumentos presentados al SATEPSI y discutir temas y proponer acciones en el ámbito de EP. Durante los últimos veinte años, la CCAP ha buscado alcanzar estos objetivos indicando nuevos caminos para el área. En este sentido, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las principales actualidades y movimientos de la CCAP indicando posibles caminos y perspectivas de futuro para el área de EP. Se discuten las acciones actuales que ha desarrollado la CCAP, así como las acciones futuras perfiladas que buscan promover una EP cada vez más democrática. Se concluye que la EP es una práctica del psicólogo que debe ponerse en práctica con compromiso ético, vinculada a los derechos humanos y la justicia, con base científica y alineada con los cambios sociales.(AU)

Sistema de avaliação de práticas psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP) sobre políticas de cuidado / Aluízio Lopes de Brito psychological practices assessment system (SAPP) on care policies / Sistema de evaluación de prácticas psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP) sobre políticas de cuidado

O objetivo do presente manuscrito é caracterizar e descrever os fluxos do Sistema de Avaliação de Práticas Psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP), dispositivo instituído no âmbito do Sistema Conselhos de Psicologia e regulamentado pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia através da Resolução CFP nº 15, de 18 de agosto de 2023. O SAPP surge da necessidade premente de orientação e qualificação profissionais frente às práticas emergentes que produzem o saber/ fazer da psicologia. Nesse sentido, trata-se de processo que busca orientar, qualificar e fazer conhecer práticas que sejam compatíveis ou não com o exercício profissional em psicologia. Com o trabalho realizado no SAPP serão produzidos pareceres que contribuirão minimamente para o conhecimento das fronteiras que delimitam os campos da psicologia e, por excelência, conheceremos melhor nossas próprias formas de atuação. Através da consideração do trinômio teoria-prática-ética, o CFP espera com o SAPP abrir diálogos com grupos, práticas e saberes fronteiriços e constantemente relegados pela psicologia hegemônica. Para tanto, parte do pressuposto de que os saberes e fazeres destas populações podem refinar as teorias psicológicas e fazer a psicologia avançar como ciência e profissão.(AU)

This manuscript aims to characterize and describe the flows of the Aluízio Lopes de Brito Psychological Practices Assessment System (SAPP), an instrument established within the framework of the Psychology Council System and regulated by the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP) with Resolution CFP No. 15, of August 18, 2023. The SAPP arises from the pressing need for professional guidance and qualification in the face of emerging practices that shape the knowledge/practice of psychology. In this sense, it is a process that seeks to guide, qualify, and make known practices that are compatible or not with the professional practice of psychology. The work carried out in the SAPP will produce opinions that will contribute minimally to the understanding of the boundaries that delimit the fields of psychology and, by excellence, we will better understand our own modes of operation. Considering the trinity of theory-practice-ethics, the CFP hopes with the SAPP to open dialogues with groups, practices, and knowledge that are in the borders and are constantly relegated by hegemonic psychology. To this end, it assumes that the knowledge and practices of these populations can refine psychological theories and advance psychology as a science and profession.(AU)

El objetivo de este manuscrito es caracterizar y describir los flujos del Sistema de Evaluación de Prácticas Psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP), un dispositivo establecido en el marco del Sistema de Consejos de Psicología y regulado por el Consejo Federal de Psicología a través de la Resolución CFP n.º 15, con fecha del 18 de agosto de 2023. El SAPP surge de la necesidad apremiante de orientación y calificación profesional frente a las prácticas emergentes que configuran el conocimiento y las habilidades de la psicología. En este sentido, es un proceso que busca orientar, calificar y dar a conocer prácticas que sean compatibles o no con el ejercicio profesional de la psicología. El trabajo realizado en el SAPP generará opiniones que contribuirán mínimamente a la comprensión de los límites que delimitan los campos de la psicología y, por excelencia, comprender mejor nuestras propias formas de actuación. A través de la consideración de la tríada teoría-práctica-ética, el CFP espera que con el SAPP puede llevar a cabo el diálogo con grupos, prácticas y conocimientos fronterizos y constantemente pasados por alto por la psicología hegemónica. Con este fin, se asume que los conocimientos y prácticas de estas poblaciones pueden refinar las teorías psicológicas y hacer avanzar la psicología como ciencia y profesión.(AU)

Bem-estar no trabalho: influência das condições para criatividade entre psicólogos dos Creas-MG / Well-being at work: influence of creativity conditions among CREAS-MG psychologists / Bienestar en el trabajo: influencia de las condiciones para la creatividad entre psicólogos de los centros de referencia especializados en asistencia social en Minas Gerais (CREAS-MG)

Trata-se de estudo quantitativo correlacional com objetivo de testar um modelo em que Bem-Estar no Trabalho (BET) é explicado pelas Condições Favoráveis e Desfavoráveis para a Criatividade no Ambiente de Trabalho de psicólogos que trabalham nos Centros de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social de Minas Gerais. Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, contatos dos centros foram localizados via arquivo público digital. O convite foi enviado por e-mail com o link de acesso ao Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; Questionário com Dados Demográficos e Funcionais; Escala de Bem-estar no Trabalho; e Indicadores de Condições para Criar no Ambiente de Trabalho. A medida de BET contempla Afeto Positivo, Afeto Negativo e Realização Pessoal e Profissional; enquanto há seis Condições Favoráveis e três Desfavoráveis à Criatividade no Trabalho. As escalas multidimensionais apresentam evidências de validade e resposta Likert de cinco pontos. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais, regressão múltipla padrão para teste do modelo e Alfa de Cronbach para verificação da fidedignidade das escalas. A amostra de conveniência contou com 145 psicólogos, majoritariamente mulheres (n=125), com pós-graduação lato senso (n=102) e vínculo estatutário (n=74). As maiores médias encontradas foram Realização Pessoal e Profissional (M=3.47; DP=0.65), Atividades Desafiantes (M=3.50; DP=0.68), e Excesso de Serviços e Escassez de Tempo (M=3.51; DP=0.85). Os resultados apontam que as Condições para a Criatividade no Trabalho contribuem significativamente para as três dimensões de BET, demonstrando a importância de promover um contexto propício à criatividade e ao bem-estar dos trabalhadores.(AU)

This is a quantitative correlational study aiming to test a model in which Well-Being at Work (WBW) is explained by the Favorable and Unfavorable Conditions for Creativity in the Work Environment of psychologists who work in the Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance in Minas Gerais (CREAS-MG). After approval by the Ethics Committee, contacts of the centers were located via public digital file. The invitation was sent by e-mail with the link to access the Informed Consent Form; Questionnaire with Demographic and Functional Data; Workplace Well-Being Scale; and Indicators of Conditions for Creating in the Workplace. The WBW measures Positive Affection, Negative Affection, and Personal and Professional Fulfillment; alongside six Favorable Conditions and three Unfavorable Conditions for Creativity at Work. Multidimensional scales provide evidence of validity and a five-point Likert response. Data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics, standard multiple regression to test the model and Cronbach's Alpha to verify the reliability of the scales. The convenience sample consisted of 145 psychologists, mostly women (n=125), with lato sensu post-graduation (n=102), and statutory employment (n=74). The highest means are Personal and Professional Fullfilment (M=3.47; SD=0.65), Challenging Activities (M=3.50; SD=0.68), and Excessive Services and Shortage of Time (M=3.51; SD=0.85). The results indicate that the Conditions for Creativity at Work significantly contribute to the three dimensions of WBW and demonstrate the importance of promoting a context conducive to creativity and well-being of workers.(AU)

Este estudio cuantitativo correlacional tuvo el objetivo de probar un modelo en el que el bienestar en el trabajo (BET) se explica por las condiciones favorables y desfavorables para la creatividad en el ambiente laboral de los psicólogos que laboran en los Centros de Referencia Especializados en Asistencia Social en Minas Gerais. Tras la aprobación del Comité de Ética, se buscaron los contactos de estos centros en un archivo digital público. La invitación enviada por correo electrónico contenía el enlace para acceder al Formulario de Consentimiento Informado, al Cuestionario con Datos Demográficos y Funcionales, a la Escala de Bienestar Laboral y a los Indicadores de Condiciones para la Creación en el Lugar de Trabajo. La medida BET incluye afecto positivo, afecto negativo y realización personal y profesional; mientras que la otra medida cubre seis condiciones favorables y tres condiciones desfavorables para la creatividad en el trabajo. Las escalas multidimensionales proporcionan evidencia de validez y una respuesta Likert de cinco puntos. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, regresión múltiple estándar para probar el modelo y Alfa de Cronbach para verificar la confiabilidad de las escalas. La muestra de conveniencia consistió en 145 trabajadores, en su mayoría mujeres (n=125), con posgrado lato sensu (n=102) y empleo estatutario (n=74). Los promedios más altos son el logro personal y profesional (M=3,47; DE=0,65), las actividades desafiantes (M=3,50; DE=0,68), el exceso de servicios y la escasez de tiempo (M=3,51; DE=0,85). Los resultados indican que las condiciones para la creatividad en el trabajo contribuyen significativamente a las tres dimensiones de BET y demuestran la importancia de promover un contexto propicio para la creatividad y el bienestar de los trabajadores.(AU)

An ever-evolving mind.

Experimental evolution of human cognition helps us understand ourselves.

Effectiveness of psychological techniques in dental management for children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: A rise in the reported numbers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) highlights the need for dental practitioners to be more familiar with the treatment approaches for these special needs children to ensure comfortable, well-accepted and efficient management while in dental office. AIM: This paper aimed to acquire a deeper understanding of some of the innovative and best approaches to managing children with ASD in dental settings. DESIGN: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and grey literature based on the PRISMA 2020 statement, using main keywords such as: 'management', 'dental', 'children', and 'Autism Spectrum Disorder'. Original full-text papers including randomised controlled trials (RCT) and all other designs of non-randomised controlled studies (NRS) reporting relevant intervention studies in English were included without any publication time limit. The quality of the evidence found eligible for the review were then assessed using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. Subsequently, the details of management interventions and impact of treatment approaches were compared and discussed. RESULTS: Out of the 204 articles found, 109 unrelated articles were excluded during the initial screening. The full papers of remaining 28 were retrieved and only 15 (7%) articles were eligible to be reviewed; eight RCTs with 'some concerns' and 'high risk' categories particularly concerning their randomisation design, and seven NSRs with 'serious' to 'critical' bias largely due to confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Our review found inconclusive evidence on the strength of recent psychological and non-pharmacological approaches used to manage children with ASD in dental settings. Small sample size and lack of a control group in certain studies affected the strength of evidence and credibility of the findings. Nevertheless, this review shared informative details on some innovative approaches for better understanding of the management of children with ASD for dental professionals.

Assessing Self-Care in Psychologists: A Spanish Adaptation of the SCAP Scale / Evaluación del Autocuidado en Psicólogos: Adaptación Española de laSCAP

Background: Psychologists’ increased workload over recent years hashighlighted the importance of using self-care strategies that allow theseprofessionals to become aware of and control their overall health. Despite the importance of these strategies, there is no instrument adapted formeasuring them in the Spanish population. Therefore, this study presentsan adaptation of the Self-Care Assessment for Psychologists (SCAP) scalefor the Spanish population. Method: A total of 368 professional Spanishpsychologists (Mage = 40.34, SD = 10.50) participated in the study. First, weobtained validity evidence based on the content using a panel of six experts. Second, we analyzed the dimensionality and internal consistency of theinstrument, and we obtained validity evidence based on its relationship with related constructs. Results: A bifactor structure fit the data adequately,and suitable reliability was confirmed. In addition, self-care was associatedwith lower levels of perceived stress and burnout and higher satisfactionwith life. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the SCAP is a reliable,valid instrument that supports the intended interpretation of the SCAPscores about the self-care strategies used by Spanish psychologists.

Antecedentes: el aumento de la carga de trabajo al que se han vistosometidos los/as psicólogos/as en los últimos años ha puesto de relieve laimportancia del uso de estrategias de autocuidado que permitan a estosprofesionales tomar conciencia y controlar su salud. A pesar de la relevanciade estas estrategias, en España no existe un instrumento adecuado paramedirlas. Este estudio presenta la adaptación española de la escala deAutocuidado de Psicólogos/as (SCAP). Método: 368 psicólogos/asespañoles (Medad = 40.34, DT = 10.50) participaron en el estudio. Primero,obtuvimos evidencias de validez basadas en el contenido utilizando unpanel de seis expertos/as. Finalmente, analizamos la dimensionalidad yconsistencia interna del instrumento y obtuvimos evidencias de validez enrelación con otros constructos. Resultados: la estructura bifactor se ajustóadecuadamente a los datos y la fiabilidad fue adecuada. El autocuidadose asoció con menores niveles de estrés percibido y burnout y mayorsatisfacción con la vida. CConclusiones: la versión en español del SCAPes un instrumento fiable y válido que apoya la interpretación de laspuntuaciones propuesta para la SCAP sobre las estrategias de autocuidadoutilizadas por los/as psicólogos/as españoles.

Respondências: análises (online) em confinamento / Responses: (online) analysis during social distancing / Correspondencias: análisis (en línea) durante el confinamiento / Réponses: analyse (en ligne) pendant la distanciation sociale

Resumo Este artigo compreende oito cartas trocadas entre as autoras ao longo do mês de abril de 2020, tendo por eixo norteador o tema das análises online. Em uma retomada metodológica da produção teórica pela via das correspondências, amplamente utilizada entre Freud e seus interlocutores, propõe uma tessitura em ato de conceitos-acontecimentos em torno do atendimento mediado pelas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação, bem como dos deslocamentos no estatuto da escuta clínica, que reverberam especialmente sobre o inconsciente, a presença do analista e a questão do registro. A escrita epistolar possibilitou uma elaboração afetuosa e desinstitucionalizada, rompendo com a lógica academicista, sem perder o rigor conceitual do campo freudo-lacaniano na interlocução com outros autores. As discussões apresentadas refletem sobre quais vidas são passíveis de escuta nas análises, online ou não, em variados desdobramentos que circunscrevem uma clínica do contemporâneo.

Abstract This essay consists of eight letters exchanged between the authors over the course of April 2020, on the topic of online analysis. Resuming the methodological approach of theoretical production via correspondence, widely used by Freud and his interlocutors, the article weaves concepts-events regarding psychological care mediated by information and communication technologies, as well as shifts in the status of clinical listening, which reverberate especially on the unconscious, the presence of the analyst and issue of recording. The epistolary writing enabled an affectionate and deinstitutionalized elaboration, breaking with academic logic, without losing the conceptual rigor of the Freudian-Lacanian field in dialogue with other authors. The discussions presented reflect on which lives can be heard in analysis, online or otherwise, in varying unfoldings that circumscribe a contemporary clinic.

Resumen Este artículo consta de ocho cartas intercambiadas entre las autoras durante el mes de abril de 2020, teniendo como eje central el tema de los análisis en línea. En una retomada metodológica de la producción teórica a través de las correspondencias, ampliamente utilizadas entre Freud y sus interlocutores, se propone una costura en acto de conceptos acontecimientos sobre la atención mediada por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, así como de los desplazamientos en el estatuto de la escucha clínica, que repercute especialmente en el inconsciente, la presencia del analista y la cuestión del registro. La escritura epistolar posibilitó una elaboración afectuosa y no institucional, rompiendo con la lógica academicista, sin perder el rigor conceptual con el campo freudo-lacaniano en la interlocución con otros autores. Las discusiones que se presentan aquí reflexionan sobre cuáles vidas son susceptibles de escucha en los análisis, en línea o no, en diversos desplazamientos en materia de una clínica de la contemporaneidad.

Résumé Cet essai comprend huit lettres échangées entre les autrices au cours du mois d'avril 2020, sur le thème de l'analyse en ligne. Reprenant l'approche méthodologique de la production théorique par correspondance, largement utilisée par Freud et ses interlocuteurs, l'article tisse des concepts-événements concernant le soin psychologique médiatisé par les technologies de l'information et de la communication, ainsi que des déplacements du statut de l'écoute clinique, qui se répercutent notamment sur l'inconscient, la présence de l'analyste et la question de l'enregistrement. L'écriture épistolaire a permis une élaboration affectueuse et désinstitutionnalisée, en rupture avec la logique académique, sans perdre la rigueur conceptuelle du champ freudo-lacanien en dialogue avec d'autres auteurs. Les discussions présentées réfléchissent sur les vies qui peuvent être entendues en analyse, en ligne ou non, dans des déroulements divers qui circonscrivent une clinique du contemporain.

Hacia un enfoque multinivel en los estudios empíricos de la empatía: autopercepción, comportamiento y mecanismos neurobiológicos / Towards a multilevel approach in empirical studies of empathy: self-perception, behavior and neurobiological mechanisms

La empatía es un fenómeno multifacético necesario para la interacción social. La complejidad de su estudio se origina en la multiplicidad de definiciones teóricas y en los distintos niveles de análisis. Aunque existen numerosas revisiones metodológicas, son escasas las que comprenden la autopercepción, el comportamiento y los mecanismos neurobiológicos. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis crítico de las metodologías mayormente utilizadas, agrupadas en distintos niveles de análisis. El nivel de autopercepción incluye escalas de autorreporte; el comportamental contempla modelos de simulaciones, presentación de imágenes, filmaciones y narrativas; y el neurobiológico comprende indicadores del sistema nervioso periférico (electrocardiograma, actividad electrodérmica y electromiograma) y central (electroencefalograma y resonancia magnética funcional), y abordajes farmacológicos, neuroquímicos y génicos. Analizamos los procesos afectivos, cognitivos y motivacionales, así como las ventajas y desventajas de cada metodología. Por último, planteamos propuestas integrativas y formulamos preguntas que podrían guiar investigaciones futuras.

Empathy is a multifaceted phenomenon necessary for social interaction. The complexity of its study resides in the multiplicity of theoretical definitions and in the different levels of analysis. Even though there are numerous methodological reviews, those that take into account self-perceived and behavioral levels together with neurobiological mechanisms are scarce. For this reason, the aim of this revision is to perform a critical analysis of different methodologies within different levels of analysis. The self-perception level included self reported scales, the behavioral level comprises simulation models, images or film presentations and narratives, and the neurobiological level included peripheral (electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity and electromyogram) and central nervous system (electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging) indicators, and pharmacological, neurochemical and genic approaches. We analysed the affective, cognitive and motivational processes as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology. Finally, we pose some integrative proposals and questions that could guide future research.

Subjective social isolation or loneliness in older adults residing in social housing in Ontario: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Older adults face greater risk of social isolation, but the extent of social isolation among low-income older adults living in social housing is unknown. This study aims to explore the rate of, and risk factors contributing to, subjective social isolation or loneliness among older adults in social housing. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of data collected from a community program held in the common rooms of 55 social housing buildings in 14 communities across Ontario, Canada, from May 2018 to April 2019. Participants were program attendees aged 55 years and older who resided in the buildings. Program implementers assessed social isolation using the 3-Item Loneliness Scale from the University of California, Los Angeles and risk factors using common primary care screening tools. We extracted data for this study from the program database. We compared the rate of social isolation to Canadian Community Health Survey data using a 1-sample χ2 test, and evaluated associations between risk factors and social isolation using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: We included 806 residents in 30 buildings for older adults and 25 mixed-tenant buildings. Based on the 3-Item UCLA Loneliness Scale, 161 (20.0%) of the 806 participants were socially isolated. For those aged 65 and older, the rate of social isolation was nearly twice that observed in the same age group of the general population (36.1% v. 19.6%; p < 0.001). Risk factors were age (65-84 yr v. 55-64 yr adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-3.93), alcohol consumption (adjusted OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.09-5.54), anxiety or depression (adjusted OR 6.05, 95% CI 3.65-10.03) and income insecurity (adjusted OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.24-3.53). Protective factors were having at least 1 chronic cardiometabolic disease (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.80), being physically active (adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.73) and having good to excellent general health (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.90). INTERPRETATION: The high rate of social isolation in low-income older adults living in social housing compared with the general population is concerning. Structural barriers could prevent engagement in social activities or maintenance of social support, especially for older adults with income insecurity and anxiety or depression; interventions are needed to reduce subjective social isolation in this population.

A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety.

Difficulties in applying emotional regulation (ER) skills are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, and are common targets of treatment. This meta-analysis examined whether improvements in ER skills were associated with psychological treatment outcomes for depression and/or anxiety in youth. A multivariate, random-effects meta-analysis was run using metafor in R. Inclusion criteria included studies that were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of a psychological intervention for depression and/or anxiety in patients aged 14-24, were peer reviewed, were written in English, measured depression and/or anxiety symptoms as an outcome and measured ER as an outcome. Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library were searched up to 26 June 2020. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The meta-analysis includes 385 effect sizes from 90 RCTs with total N = 11,652. Psychological treatments significantly reduced depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation (k = 13, Hedges' g = 0.54, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30-0.78) and disengagement ER (k = 83, g = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.15-0.32, P < 0.001); engagement ER also increased (k = 82, g = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.15-0.32, P < 0.001). Improvements in depression and anxiety were positively associated with improved engagement ER skills, reduced emotion dysregulation and reduced disengagement ER skills. Sensitivity considered study selection and publication bias. Longer treatments, group formats and cognitive-behavioural orientations produced larger positive associations between improved ER skills and reduced symptoms. ER skill improvement is linked to depression and anxiety across a broad range of interventions for youth. Limitations of the current study include reliance on self-report measures, content overlap between variables and inability to test the directionality of associations.

Auditory Oddball Responses Across the Schizophrenia-Bipolar Spectrum and Their Relationship to Cognitive and Clinical Features.

OBJECTIVE: Neural activations during auditory oddball tasks may be endophenotypes for psychosis and bipolar disorder. The authors investigated oddball neural deviations that discriminate multiple diagnostic groups across the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic bipolar disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder) and clarified their relationship to clinical and cognitive features. METHODS: Auditory oddball responses to standard and target tones from 64 sensor EEG recordings were compared across patients with psychosis (total N=597; schizophrenia, N=225; schizoaffective disorder, N=201; bipolar disorder with psychosis, N=171), patients with bipolar disorder without psychosis (N=66), and healthy comparison subjects (N=415) from the second iteration of the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP2) study. EEG activity was analyzed in voltage and in the time-frequency domain (low, beta, and gamma bands). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were compared with those from an independent sample collected during the first iteration of B-SNIP (B-SNIP1; healthy subjects, N=211; psychosis group, N=526) to establish the repeatability of complex oddball ERPs across multiple psychosis syndromes (r values >0.94 between B-SNIP1 and B-SNIP2). RESULTS: Twenty-six EEG features differentiated the groups; they were used in discriminant and correlational analyses. EEG variables from the N100, P300, and low-frequency ranges separated the groups along a diagnostic continuum from healthy to bipolar disorder with psychosis/bipolar disorder without psychosis to schizoaffective disorder/schizophrenia and were strongly related to general cognitive function (r=0.91). P50 responses to standard trials and early beta/gamma frequency responses separated the bipolar disorder without psychosis group from the bipolar disorder with psychosis group. P200, N200, and late beta/gamma frequency responses separated the two bipolar disorder groups from the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neural deviations during auditory processing are related to psychosis history and bipolar disorder. There is a powerful transdiagnostic relationship between severity of these neural deviations and general cognitive performance. These results have implications for understanding the neurobiology of clinical syndromes across the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum that may have an impact on future biomarker research.